Knee arthroscopy is defined as the surgical procedure, used by the best knee traumatologists, based on minimally invasive surgery of the knee joint, in order to explore, diagnose and/or treat osteotendinous and soft tissue injuries that could appear in the patient.

It is performed through small incisions through which the knee specialist inserts the arthroscope that sends an image to the monitor through which the joint can be clearly observed, which allows the diagnosis of the pathology.

Once the pathology is identified, the necessary surgical instruments are inserted through the previously made incisions.

Knee arthroscopy is one of the most used techniques by the best knee specialists.

Knee injuries can be multiple depending on the action mechanism. These range from the most acute or traumatic to chronic or degenerative lesions.

The most common acute injuries are Traumatic meniscus tears or meniscus tears, partial or total anterior cruciate ligament injury, articular cartilage fractures, or subchondral injuries.

The most common chronic lesions are hypertrophic and/or reactive synovitis of the knee (synovial inflammation), chondromalacia of one or more joints (femorotibial, patellofemoral), Hoffa's fat hypertrophy, patellofemoral hyper pressure injury of the posterior aspect of the suprapatellar patella.

Knee synovitis is a pathology that is caused by an inflammation in the synovial membrane, which covers the joint. This membrane contains liquid, which acts as a lubricant, preventing friction and thus pain.

The most common treatment for this type of pathology is the application of cold or heat and taking anti-inflammatories.

Sometimes hyaluronic acid is used in the joints to prevent painful friction. In other cases, it is used for the reconstruction of cartilage, in addition, there are other treatments carried out by traumatologists specializing in stem cells.

WHY ARE MENISCUS AND ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES SO COMMON IN FOOTBALLERS?

These two injuries are a consequence of playing sports in which numerous turns and sudden stops are made with the foot fixed on the ground. This injury causes pain and blockage in the affected knee in patients.

In the case of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, this injury is caused by a forced hyperextension of the knee ligaments, the injury can occur in isolation or as a result of the meniscus tear, which can be more serious in pathology.

Doctor Elegadi's team has professional knee specialists, who can improve the quality of life of the patient.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries can be total or partial, depending on the joint instability they cause.

Radiofrequency (RF) heat therapy in partial lesions is a less aggressive alternative that offers good results.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Madrid

Complete ACL injuries are usually treated by placing a graft, which can be autologous or heterologous, to replace the injured ligament. Among autologous techniques, the most common is the one known as "bone-patellar tendon-bone" using patellar bone and patellar tendon for grafting, and the "semitendinosus-gracilis" technique as a second option.

Regarding heterologous or synthetic grafts, there is a wide range of implants that perform the function of ACL and that have demonstrated their clinical effectiveness.

The ACL injury must meet the minimum requirements for healing or osseointegration to be considered stable since patients have difficulty flexing the knee after surgery. Afterwards, joint rehabilitation is necessary to achieve 100% mobility and recovery of periarticular muscle mass.

The team, led by Ghassan Elgeadi, has specialists in knee traumatology, who will treat the patient's joint until full recovery.

Meniscoplasty will basically depend on the injury caused by the joint structure.

It can range from simple remodeling of the internal contour of the meniscus with radiofrequency, through suturing the meniscus in the event of a traumatic injury, to total removal of the meniscus.

This cartilaginous structure must be preserved since it is an important part of the joint congruence mechanism.

Why is it common to injure the medial meniscus?

The femoral condyles are distributed asymmetrically in the knee, despite the fact that both appear to be level at their inferior border. The medial condyle has greater annulation than the lateral one, due to the distribution of vector weight loads. This makes the medial meniscus to be different in shape and size from the lateral one, generally larger and C-shaped.

Consequently, the greater load handling and larger contact surface makes the medial meniscus more prone to acute and chronic injury, due to its structure and function.

Meniscus surgery in Madrid

As has been observed, a meniscus operation can vary from minimal remodeling of the meniscus to its total removal. Therefore, the duration of the intervention can vary from 20 minutes to approximately one hour, since if a minimally invasive surgery is performed, the duration will be shorter. This will really depend, to a large extent, on the pathology to be treated and on the skill and experience of the surgeon.

These types of injuries should be treated by a specialist in knee traumatology, since arthroscopy is a highly advanced and minimally invasive technique that can only be carried out by experts in the field.

Knee Meniscectomy

The suffix "itis" refers to inflammation, and the suffix "ectomy" refers to the excision or removal of a body structure. In this case, the definition of meniscectomy is the removal of one or both menisci due to a specific pathology.

This surgery is performed as a last measure in the treatment of an acute pathology of great severity or in the case of total degeneration of the meniscus structure. On both occasions, repair or plasty of the meniscus is unfeasible due to the extent of the injury.

Total knee joint replacement is a surgery to replace a knee joint with a man-made artificial joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. is based on the total replacement of the joint in its 4 components (femoral, tibial, patellar, and Polyethylene Insert).
After the intervention, the prosthesis must be fixed and stable and its stability and its flexion and extension ranges must have been confirmed.
Normally, after 24 hours, the patient will be able to stand up and even walk under certain specifications and always under the supervision of a knee specialist.
Regarding the recovery of the soft tissues that have been manipulated during the intervention, it will depend on the care of the scar and the underlying conditions.

Types of knee replacement:
●    Unicompartmental knee replacement: this surgery tries to replace only the damaged part of the knee.
●    Total surface bearing below-knee prosthesis: This is a total replacement.
●   Knee Replacement Implants: This is an operation to replace an existing prosthesis.

How long does the knee replacement operation take?
The duration of the knee replacement surgery usually ranges between 2 or 3 hours, but this time may vary depending on the patient and the severity of their case.
Recovery of mobility after a knee replacement
In general, in most patients, the wound takes between 2 and 3 weeks to heal.
Subsequently, the rehabilitation and physiotherapy sessions will begin in order to recover muscle mass and the functionality of the joint, so the recovery time of a knee replacement is usually fast, but this will depend on each particular case.

How long does a knee replacement last?
A knee replacement is usually an intervention that is performed on patients who have osteoarthritis and who are also over 60 years old, since it is the age at which the most serious symptoms of this disease are suffered.
The duration of the knee replacement  is around 30 years, after this period, most knee prostheses will have to be replaced, although this is not a general thing, since each patient is different.

If the lesion to be treated is located in a single area of the knee, the orthopedic surgery specialist in knee osteotomy will assess whether it is convenient to remove the bone in its entirety and perform a graft.

This procedure is usually recommended in patients over sixty years of age.

Patellar tendonitis:

Every word ending in "itis" denotes inflammation, so the term Patellar tendonitis defines the inflammatory pathologies of the tendon structures of the knee. These are injured acutely and chronically, generally by direct or indirect mechanical overload, in addition to direct joint trauma.

The structures of the knee that are most frequently injured are the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, the patellar or patellar tendon, and the Goosefoot (Pes Anserine) Bursitis of the Knee.

Sprained Knee
The sprained knee is the injury caused by excessive flexion or extension, which produces a loss of joint congruence without becoming a dislocation.
The main consequence is the elongation of the capsulo-ligament structures that suffer injuries ranging from inflammation to total ligament rupture and joint instability.
Sprained knee generally causes pain, functional limitation, inflammation, and in some cases ecchymosis or bruising, with joint instability being the most severe symptom.

Treatment of knee contusions in Madrid
The treatment of knee contusions varies depending on the clinical signs that accompany the injury. From a simple swelling caused by trauma at a specific site to a large edema that covers the entire joint, with secondary joint effusion.
The first step, and one of the most important, is the application of local colds to limit inflammation through a process of vasoconstriction and produce pain relief through anesthesia of the nerve endings.

Secondly, it is advisable to consult knee traumatologists in Madrid who can establish the degree of injury to the joint and the course of action to take with it. These injuries can cause symptoms, which if not treated in time, can affect the joint, in the short or long term.